Table 1 Baseline characteristics of ever-married women, by status of early initiation of breastfeeding
Characteristics | Total n = 11,992 (%) | Early initiation of breastfeeding | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n = 5,620 (%) | No n = 6,372 (%) | |||
Women’s age (years) | ||||
15–29 | 59.9 | 59.6 | 60.1 | 0.84 |
30–39 | 32.4 | 32.6 | 32.3 | |
40–49 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.6 | |
Women’s education | ||||
No formal education | 80.2 | 77.2 | 82.8 | < 0.001 |
Primary | 8.5 | 9.2 | 8.0 | |
Secondary/higher | 11.3 | 13.7 | 9.2 | |
Household head education | ||||
No formal education | 64.7 | 62.9 | 66.3 | < 0.001 |
Primary | 11.0 | 11.4 | 10.7 | |
Secondary/higher | 24.3 | 25.7 | 23.0 | |
Residential area | ||||
Urban | 15.3 | 16.7 | 14.0 | < 0.001 |
Rural | 84.7 | 83.3 | 86.0 | |
Place of delivery | ||||
Public clinic/hospital | 57.0 | 63.6 | 51.2 | < 0.001 |
Home | 36.0 | 30.3 | 41.0 | |
Private clinic/hospital | 7.0 | 6.1 | 7.8 | |
Antenatal care (ANC) visits | ||||
No visit | 26.0 | 25.1 | 26.8 | 0.02 |
1–3 visits | 44.0 | 43.3 | 44.6 | |
≥ 4 visits | 30.1 | 31.6 | 28.7 | |
Parity | ||||
Primipara | 16.0 | 16.1 | 15.8 | 0.65 |
Multipara | 84.0 | 83.9 | 84.2 | |
C-section | ||||
No | 95.9 | 97.9 | 94.1 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4.1 | 2.1 | 5.9 | |
Very small sized baby | ||||
No | 87.3 | 88.2 | 86.5 | 0.01 |
Yes | 12.7 | 11.8 | 13.5 | |
Access to mobile phones | ||||
No | 65.5 | 61.4 | 69.0 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 34.6 | 38.6 | 31.0 | |
Access to TV | ||||
No | 88.2 | 85.4 | 90.6 | 0.02 |
Yes | 11.8 | 14.6 | 9.4 | |
Access to Radio | ||||
No | 94.5 | 95.1 | 94.0 | 0.01 |
Yes | 5.5 | 4.9 | 6.0 | |
Access to newspapers | ||||
No | 99.7 | 99.5 | 99.8 | 0.01 |
Yes | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | |
Wealth status | ||||
Lowest quintile | 22.1 | 19.9 | 24.1 | < 0.001 |
Second | 23.3 | 24.1 | 22.7 | |
Third | 22.7 | 23.2 | 22.4 | |
Fourth | 18.7 | 19.0 | 18.4 | |
Highest quintile | 13.1 | 13.9 | 12.5 | |