Table 3 Differences in breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding in mothers with axSpA six weeks after birth
From: Axial spondyloarthritis and breastfeeding: a prospective study
n | Breastfeeding N= 347 | n | Non-breastfeeding =N = 59 | p-value | test value† | df | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 347 | 31.9 (4.3) | 59 | 30.5 (4.7) | 0.03 | 2.22 | 404 |
Age ≥ 35 years (%) | 93 (26.8) | 10 (16.9) | 0.1 | 2.59 | 1 | ||
Missing | 0 | ||||||
Previous live birth (%) | 323 | 167 (51.7) | 56 | 31 (55.4) | 0.6 | 0.26 | 1 |
Missing | 27 | ||||||
BMI kg/m2 mean (SD) | 318 | 26.6 (4.5) | 50 | 27.8 (5.4) | 0.08 | −1.77 | 366 |
Underweight (< 18.5) (%) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | ||||
Normal weight (18.5–24.9) (%) | 128 (40.3) | 18 (36.0) | 0.6 | 0.33 | 1 | ||
Overweight (≥ 25.0) (%) | 189 (59.4) | 32 (64.0) | 0.5 | 0.38 | 1 | ||
Obesity (≥ 30.0) (%) | 64 (20.1) | 15 (30.0) | 0.1 | 2.50 | 1 | ||
Missing | 38 | ||||||
Tobacco a (%) | 315 | 11 (3.5) | 53 | 5 (9.4) | 0.06 | ||
Missing | 38 | ||||||
Educational level b | 339 | 58 | |||||
Low (%) | 5 (1.5) | 2 (3.4) | 0.27 | ||||
Intermediate (%) | 82 (24.2) | 29 (50.0) | < 0.001 | 16.38 | 1 | ||
High (%) | 252 (74.3) | 27 (46.6) | < 0.001 | 18.30 | 1 | ||
Missing | 9 | ||||||
Working fulltime or part-time (%) | 345 | 28 (8.1) | 59 | 3 (5.1) | 0.6 | ||
Missing | 2 | ||||||
Exercising regularly c (%) | 259 | 97 (37.5) | 43 | 22 (51.2) | 0.09 | 2.90 | 1 |
Missing | 104 | ||||||
CRP mg/L mean (SD) | 290 | 5.5 (8.0) | 45 | 6.0 (9.5) | 0.7 | −0.43 | 333 |
Missing | 71 | ||||||
BASDAI mean (SD) | 277 | 3.0 (2.3) | 45 | 3.6 (2.4) | 0.1 | −1.62 | 320 |
BASDAI ≥ 4 (%) | 85 (30.7) | 19 (42.2) | 0.1 | 2.36 | 1 | ||
Missing | 84 | ||||||
ASDAS-CRP mean (SD) | 201 | 2.2 (1.0) | 36 | 2.6 (1.0) | 0.03 | −2.19 | 235 |
ASDAS-CRP ≥ 1.3 (%) | 161 (80.1) | 34 (94.4) | 0.04 | 4.31 | 1 | ||
Missing | 169 | ||||||
VAS scores (0–100 mm) mean (SD) | |||||||
Pain | 291 | 31.6 (26.4) | 50 | 41.0 (29.7) | 0.03 | −2.18 | |
Missing | 65 | ||||||
Fatigue | 281 | 36.9 (29.4) | 48 | 43.5 (29.2) | 0.1 | −1.50 | |
Missing | 77 | ||||||
Total | 292 | 35.8 (27.7) | 49 | 46.5 (27.8) | 0.01 | −2.54 | |
Missing | 65 | ||||||
Prematurity (%) | 347 | 17 (4.9) | 59 | 7 (11.9) | 0.07 | ||
Missing | 0 | ||||||
Low birthweight d (%) | 344 | 14 (4.1) | 57 | 3 (5.3) | 0.7 | ||
Missing | 5 | ||||||
C-section (%) | 347 | 70 (20.2) | 59 | 24 (40.7) | < 0.001 | 11.92 | 1 |
Missing | 0 | ||||||
Preeclampsia e (%) | 338 | 21 (6.2) | 57 | 4 (7.0) | 0.8 | ||
Missing | 11 | ||||||
csDMARDs (%) | 347 | 22 (6.3) | 59 | 4 (6.8) | 0.8 | ||
Sulfasalazine | 22 (6.3) | 4 (6.8) | 0.8 | ||||
Methotrexate | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.1 | ||||
Missing | 0 | ||||||
TNF-inhibitors (%) | 347 | 106 (30.5) | 59 | 17 (28.8) | 0.8 | 0.72 | 1 |
Missing | 0 | ||||||
Secukinumab (%) | 347 | 4 (1.2) | 59 | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | ||
Missing | 0 | ||||||