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Table 2 Population attributable fraction of childhood diarrhea diseases in age-standardized mortality rate attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding, non-exclusive breastfeeding and discontinued breastfeeding by region and age for both sexes in 2021

From: The global burden of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding from 1990 to 2021: an exploratory analysis of estimates from the global burden of disease study

Characteristics

PAF, % (95%UI)

Suboptimal breastfeeding

 

Non-exclusive breastfeeding

 

Discontinued breastfeeding

Global

6.69 (4.48, 9.49)

 

5.82 (3.92, 8.32)

 

1.44 (0.53, 2.53)

5 SDI Regions

     

High SDI

2.6 (2.06, 3.24)

 

2.17 (1.77, 2.68)

 

0.42 (0.17, 0.66)

High-middle SDI

7.47 (5.41, 10.47)

 

6.33 (4.69, 8.84)

 

1.14 (0.4, 2.04)

Middle SDI

5.27 (3.32, 8.34)

 

4.38 (2.85, 7.08)

 

0.89 (0.27, 1.66)

Low-middle SDI

2.53 (1.42, 4.11)

 

2.19 (1.24, 3.64)

 

0.34 (0.1, 0.66)

Low SDI

3.41 (1.98, 5.13)

 

2.98 (1.76, 4.51)

 

0.43 (0.13, 0.88)

21 GBD Regions

     

Andean Latin America

5.56 (3.35, 8.23)

 

4.25 (2.48, 6.42)

 

1.31 (0.43, 2.43)

Australasia

2.06 (1.44, 2.77)

 

1.39 (1.04, 1.82)

 

0.67 (0.25, 1.11)

Caribbean

19.09 (13.86, 24.52)

 

16.24 (11.39, 21.59)

 

2.85 (1.05, 4.91)

Central Asia

17.04 (12.81, 21.07)

 

13.52 (10.08, 17.35)

 

3.51 (1.35, 5.99)

Central Europe

9.92 (7.96, 11.84)

 

8.43 (6.83, 10.02)

 

1.49 (0.58, 2.35)

Central Latin America

6.03 (4.23, 7.72)

 

4.15 (3.29, 5.22)

 

1.88 (0.65, 3.16)

Central Sub-Saharan Africa

3.13 (1.47, 5.96)

 

2.78 (1.31, 5.33)

 

0.35 (0.1, 0.81)

East Asia

10.44 (6.18, 14.8)

 

8.43 (5.14, 11.91)

 

2.01 (0.64, 3.72)

Eastern Europe

15.27 (12.62, 17.79)

 

11.83 (10.31, 13.44)

 

3.44 (1.42, 5.48)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

2.87 (1.69, 4.7)

 

2.53 (1.53, 4.23)

 

0.34 (0.11, 0.71)

High-income Asia Pacific

2.89 (2.06, 3.94)

 

2.33 (1.69, 3.11)

 

0.56 (0.22, 0.96)

High-income North America

1.61 (1.29, 2)

 

1.43 (1.15, 1.76)

 

0.18 (0.07, 0.3)

North Africa and Middle East

13.49 (9.28, 18.07)

 

11.69 (8.07, 16.01)

 

1.8 (0.58, 3.11)

Oceania

2.96 (1.52, 5.18)

 

2.01 (0.95, 3.71)

 

0.96 (0.27, 2)

South Asia

1.62 (0.84, 2.89)

 

1.43 (0.75, 2.54)

 

0.19 (0.05, 0.41)

Southeast Asia

4.39 (2.58, 7.6)

 

3.85 (2.3, 6.91)

 

0.54 (0.16, 1.15)

Southern Latin America

4.52 (3.29, 5.83)

 

3.66 (2.68, 4.65)

 

0.86 (0.32, 1.43)

Southern Sub-Saharan Africa

6.98 (4.57, 10.85)

 

5.77 (3.76, 8.97)

 

1.21 (0.4, 2.39)

Tropical Latin America

5.32 (3.94, 6.9)

 

4.3 (3.25, 5.45)

 

1.02 (0.38, 1.67)

Western Europe

2.31 (1.77, 2.93)

 

1.87 (1.47, 2.37)

 

0.44 (0.17, 0.71)

Western Sub-Saharan Africa

6.02 (3.8, 8.69)

 

5.2 (3.34, 7.63)

 

0.82 (0.26, 1.55)

Age

< 28 days

27.28 (22.06, 32.43)

 

27.28 (22.06, 32.43)

 

NA

1–5 months

47.51 (38.87, 55.62)

 

47.51 (38.87, 55.62)

 

NA

6–11 months

3.17 (1.14, 5.42)

 

NA

 

3.17 (1.14, 5.42)

12–23 months

8.33 (3.11, 13.89)

 

NA

 

8.33 (3.11, 13.89)

  1. GBD, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study; PAF, population attributable fraction; SDI, socio-demographic index; UI, uncertainty interval