Table 1 Global death of childhood diarrheal diseases attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding in 1990 and 2021, and the temporal trend from 1990 to 2021

Suboptimal breastfeeding

Both

348,986 (265468, 436840)

5.53 (4.21, 6.92)

9.24 (6.64, 11.99)

63,133 (45947, 84695)

1.01 (0.74, 1.36)

6.69 (4.48, 9.49)

-5.40 (-5.52, -5.28)

Male

187,896 (133757, 248447)

5.77 (4.1, 7.63)

8.96 (5.56, 12.36)

34,281 (22368, 50155)

1.07 (0.7, 1.56)

6.88 (3.95, 10.72)

-5.31 (-5.46, -5.16)

Female

161,091 (118466, 202703)

5.28 (3.88, 6.65)

9.42 (6.44, 13.22)

28,852 (21488, 36815)

0.96 (0.71, 1.22)

6.67 (3.90, 10.34)

-5.48 (-5.65, -5.30)

Non-exclusive breastfeeding

Both

305,714 (230379, 385807)

4.84 (3.64, 6.1)

8.08 (5.80, 10.72)

54,770 (40513, 73076)

0.88 (0.65, 1.18)

5.82 (3.92, 8.32)

-5.44 (-5.58, -5.30)

Male

165,416 (116642, 221075)

5.06 (3.57, 6.77)

7.87 (4.92, 10.93)

29,745 (19886, 43963)

0.93 (0.62, 1.37)

5.98 (3.57, 9.22)

-5.36 (-5.52, -5.20)

Female

140,298 (103146, 176450)

4.59 (3.38, 5.77)

8.19 (5.66, 11.48)

25,025 (18608, 32128)

0.83 (0.62, 1.07)

5.80 (3.41, 9.05)

-5.48 (-5.65, -5.30)

Discontinued breastfeeding

Both

43,273 (15811, 76468)

0.7 (0.25, 1.23)

1.17 (0.41, 2.06)

8364 (2911, 14955)

0.13 (0.05, 0.24)

0.90(0.29, 1.72)

-5.26 (-5.38, -5.13)

Male

22,480 (8159, 40930)

0.7 (0.26, 1.28)

1.09 (0.35, 2.03)

4536 (1520, 8471)

0.14 (0.05, 0.26)

0.87 (0.28, 1.60)

-5.13 (-5.28, -4.98)

Female

20,793 (7593, 35850)

0.69 (0.25, 1.19)

1.24 (0.40, 2.16)

3827 (1323, 6795)

0.13 (0.04, 0.22)

0.87 (0.29, 1.61)

-5.37 (-5.48, -5.26)