Table 1 Sample characteristics
From: Influence of abuse and disrespect during childbirth on early initiation of breastfeeding
VARIABLE | n (%) n = 2048 |
|---|---|
CARE-MQ | |
Percentile < 50 | 1016 (49.6) |
Percentile 50–74 | 509 (24.8) |
Percentile 75–89 | 287 (14.1) |
Percentile > 90 | 236 (11.5) |
Education level | |
No education | 1 (0.1) |
Primary level | 14 (0.7) |
Secondary level | 79 (3.8) |
Baccalaureate/A-levels | 419 (20.5) |
University level | 1535 (74.9) |
Family income | |
<1000 | 33 (1.6) |
1000–1999 | 342 (16.7) |
2000–2999 | 725 (35.4) |
3000–3999 | 583 (28.5) |
≥4000 | 365 (17.8) |
Partner support | |
None | 30 (1.5) |
Little | 43 (2.1) |
Some | 119 (5.8) |
Sufficient | 492 (24.0) |
A lot | 1364 (66.6) |
Planned pregnancy | |
No | 151 (7.4) |
Yes | 1897 (92.6) |
Gestational age at birth | |
Term | 1994 (97.4) |
Moderate premature | 54 (2.6) |
Twin pregnancy | |
No | 2026 (98.9) |
Yes | 20 (1.1) |
Previous cesarean | |
No | 1541 (75.2) |
One | 464 (22.7) |
Two or more | 43 (2.1) |
Number of pregnancies | |
One | 1295 (63.2) |
Two | 551 (26.9) |
Three or more | 202 (9.9) |
Number of vaginal births | |
None | 427 (20.8) |
One | 1259 (61.5) |
Two or more | 362 (17.7) |
Number of miscarriages | |
None | 1480 (72.3) |
One | 417 (20.4) |
Two or more | 151 (7.3) |
HT | |
No | 1876 (91.6) |
Yes | 172 (8.4) |
Diabetes | |
No | 1896 (92.6) |
Yes | 152 (7.4) |
Threatened pre-term labor | |
No | 1938 (94.6) |
Yes | 110 (5.4) |
Fertility treatment | |
No | 1776 (86.7) |
Yes | 272 (13.3) |
Parity | |
Primiparous | 1572 (76.7) |
Multiparous | 476 (23.3) |
Induction of Labor | |
No | 1131 (55.2) |
Yes | 917 (44.8) |
Antenatal classes | |
No | 319 (15.7) |
Yes, but less than 5 classes | 405 (19.7) |
Yes, at least 5 classes | 1324 (64.6) |
Birth plan | |
No | 848 (41.4) |
Yes, but it wasn´t respected | 299 (14.6) |
Yes, and was mostly respected | 901 (44.0) |
Location of birth | |
Public or state-contracted | 1627 (79.4) |
Private | 374 (18.3) |
Childbirth facilities | 12 (0.6) |
Home | 35 (1.7) |
Problems during childbirth | |
No | 1617 (78.9) |
Yes | 431 (21.1) |
Use of oxytocin | |
No | 830 (40.5) |
Yes | 1218 (59.5) |
Epidural | |
No | 369 (18.1) |
Yes | 1679 (81.9) |
Nitrous oxide | |
No | 1989 (97.1) |
Yes | 60 (2.9) |
General anesthesia | |
No | 1959 (95.6) |
Yes | 89 (4.4) |
Type of birth | |
Eutocic | 1198 (58.6) |
Instrumental | 405 (19.7) |
Planned cesarean section | 88 (4.3) |
Emergency cesarean section | 357 (17.4) |
Episiotomy | |
No | 1611 (78.6) |
Yes | 437 (21.4) |
Tear grade III-IV | |
No | 1594 (77.8) |
Yes | 94 (22.2) |
Breastfeeding previous children | |
No, this is my first child | 1580 (77.2) |
I did not breastfeed my previous children | 37 (1.8) |
Yes | 431(21.0) |
Previous breastfeeding experience | |
No | 1580 (77.2) |
Yes | 468 (22.8) |
Skin-to-skin | |
No | 277 (13.5) |
Yes but < 50 min | 217 (10.6) |
Between 50–120 min | 250 (12.2) |
Yes, at least 120 min | 1304 (63.7) |
Maternal admission following birth | |
No | 2021 (98.7) |
Yes | 27 (1.3) |