Table 4 Secondary outcomes comparisons between IC and CG

1 months

Human milk energy and macronutrient composition (mean, SD)(n = 66; IG = 36; CG = 30)

 Energy (kcal/100mL)

73.2 (± 14.6)

70.9 (± 11.9)

74.8 (± 16.7)

3.9

-3.3, 11.2

0.28

 Protein (g/100mL)

1.07 (± 0.19)

1.09 (± 0.20)

1.06 (± 0.19)

0.64

 Fat (g/100mL)

3.69 (± 1.55)

3.4 (± 1.2)

3.9 (± 1.8)

0.49

-0.27, 1.26

0.2

 Carbohydrate (g/100mL)

8.27 (± 0.67)

8.36 (± 0.74)

8.21 (± 0.62)

0.45

Maternal intake at 1 month (mean, SD)(n = 68; IG = 31; CG = 37)

 Energy (kcal/d)

1,956 (± 507.8)

2,008 (± 510.1)

1,800 (± 499)

-168

-413, 77

0.18

 Protein (g/d)

74.5 (± 24.4)

75.3 (± 28.1)

67.6 (± 20.4)

-8.8

-20, 2.9

0.14

 Fat (g/d)

63.1 (± 25.2)

61.3 (± 27.6)

63.8 (± 23.3)

-0.73

-13, 11

0.9

 Carbohydrate (g/d)

270.4(± 84.9)

283.5(± 88.5)

254.9(± 81.6)

-22.17

-63, 19

0.29

Maternal serum prolactin (median, IQR)(n = 32; IG = 20; CG = 12)

70.6(380.1)

65.4 (380.0)

74 (223.4)

0.72

Human milk prolactin (mean, SD)(n = 19; IG = 11; CG = 8)

2.15 (± 1.49)

1.72 (± 1.4)

2.75 (± 1.48)

1.03

-0.38, 2.43

0.14

Breast milk volume estimation (g/d)(n = 53; IG = 24; CG = 29) by WHO recommendation

563.1(± 238)

562 (± 169)

563 (± 276)

-1.0

-0.3, 2.3

0.12

Breast milk volume estimation (g/d)(n = 53; IG = 24; CG = 29) by Olaya´s algorithm

471.3 (± 71.0)

492.7 (± 29.7)

452.9 (± 88.7)

39.8

5.4, 74.2

0.04*

4 months

Human milk energy and macronutrient composition (mean, SD)(n = 52; IG = 26; CG = 26)

 Energy (kcal/100mL)

69.9(± 18.2)

69.86 (± 19.81)

70.09(± 16.8)

0.23

-9.99, 10.45

0.96

 Protein (g/100mL)

0.87 (± 0.13)

0.86 (± 0.15)

0.88 (± 0.11)

0.02

-0.58, 0.09

0.62

 Fat (g/100mL)

3.42 (± 1.95)

3.48 (± 2.18)

3.37 (± 1.73)

-0.11

-1.20, 0.98

0.85

 Carbohydrate (g/100mL)

8.4 (± 0.72)

8.27 (± 0.76)

8.52 (± 0.67)

0.25

-0.15, 0.64

0.22

Maternal intake at 4 months (mean, SD)(n = 49; IG = 22; CG = 27)

 Energy (kcal/d)

1876 (± 486.7)

2,039 (± 423)

1,923 (± 534)

-116

-398, 166

0.41

 Protein (g/d)

74.4 (± 20.2)

78.3 (± 19.3)

71.6 (± 20.9)

-6.69

-18.39, 4.99

0.25

 Fat (g/d)

62.9 (± 21.6)

67.0 (± 19.3)

68.3 (± 23.7)

1.28

-11, 13

0.84

 Carbohydrate (g/d)

256.7 (± 80.2)

289.7 (± 81.0)

253.1 (± 77.2)

-36.62

-82.2, 8.95

0.11

Maternal serum prolactin (median, IQR)(n = 19; IG = 10; CG = 9)

37.5 (75.77)

24 (73.27)

39.6 (55)

0.18

Human milk prolactin (mean, SD)(n = 19; IG = 11; CG = 8)

1.29 (± 0.73)

1.27 (± 0.70)

1.33 (± 0.83)

0.06

-0.679, 0.81

0.855

Breast milk volume estimation (g/d)(mean, SD)(n = 64; IG = 25; CG = 39) WHO recommendation

707 (± 312.1)

713.9 (± 281.5)

701.5 (± 340.2)

12.4

-183.4, 208.2

0.9

Breast milk volume estimation (g/d)(n = 64; IG = 25; CG = 39) Olaya´s Algorithm

631.8 (± 194.1)

692.2 (± 118.8)

587.6(± 226.7)

104.6

-10.5, 210

0.07