Table 2 Coding categories for both phases of content analysis
Coding Category | Definition | Inter rater Reliability Kappa value |
|---|---|---|
Phase I: Image Representation | Breastfeeding portrait = 1 Photo of mother breastfeeding her child taken by another person where both the mother and child can be seen in the act of breastfeeding Breastfeeding selfie = 2 Photo is composed of mother and child breastfeeding and mother is taking the photo at arms length or in a mirror. This is more akin to the traditional selfie Breastfeeding baby portrait = 3 only child and breast is visible in this image and child is latched onto the breast | .887 |
Phase II:Focus | Who is the focus of the image? 1 = Mother 2 = Baby, or 3 = Equal | .801 |
Self/Other | This category refers to who was capturing the breastfeeding image: self or other. Images were coded as 1 = Selfie (Image of the self taken by self e.g., through a mirror, arm angled as though holding a camera) or 2 = Portrait, or 3 = Unclear | .992 |
Tree of Life | Tree of Life is a popular filter that overlays breastfeeding photographs with the image of a tree. More specifically, the image of a tree’s roots are laid over the woman’s breast and the tree trunk comes through the child’s mouth and there are blooms laid out on the child’s head. For an example, see Fig. 1. This filter is sourced by the Picsart app. 0-No 1-Yes | 1.00 |
Location | Location was coded two ways. The first was whether the mother was 1 = outside, 2 = inside, and 0 = unclear | .978 |
Public/private | It was also coded for whether the photos were in public areas like restaurants, parks, or various public spaces. These were coded as 1 = public, 2 = private, 3 = unsure | .932 |
Face | Presence of mother’s face & head was coded as 0 = Absent 1 = partially visible or fully visible | .956 |
Gaze | Direction of the mother’s gaze was coded as either 1 = Looking at the baby, 2 = Looking at the camera, or 0 = gaze somewhere else/unable to determine | .939 |