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Table 5 Association between marital status and breastfeeding outcomes, stratified by income, overall and by COVID-19 era. (weighted n = 41,433)a

From: The impact of marriage on breastfeeding duration: examining the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 pandemic on marginalized communities

Breastfeeding outcome

Overall

Pre-COVID-19

COVID-19

Low Income

OR (95%CI)

High Income

OR (95%CI)

Low Income

OR (95%CI)

High Income

OR (95%CI)

Low Income

OR (95%CI)

High Income

OR (95%CI)

BF Initiation

1.18 (0.38, 3.70)

1.57 (0.39, 6.39)

1.18 (0.34, 4.13)

1.61 (0.28, 9.46)

1.05 (0.33, 3.29)

1.23 (0.08, 18.5)

2-month BF duration

2.57 (1.69, 3.92)

1.99 (1.29, 2.07)

2.73 (1.64, 4.52)

1.64 (0.93, 2.86)

2.29 (1.05, 4.99)

2.71 (1.33, 5.54)

4-month BF duration

2.93 (1.99, 4.32)

2.15 (1.44, 3.20)

4.07 (2.52, 6.58)

1.76 (1.06, 2.91)

1.59 (0.80, 3.15)

2.89 (1.47, 5.68)

6-month BF duration

2.74 (1.86, 4.03)

2.16 (1.46, 3.20)

3.90 (2.42, 6.28)

1.86 (1.13, 3.05

1.27 (0.64, 2.52)

2.64 (1.37, 5.10)

  1. a) Variables accounted for in models: age, maternal race/ethnicity, education, insurance, WIC, pregnancy intention, ACEs, chronic health problems, obesity, substance use before pregnancy, infant sleep