Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants, n = 276

Mother age, mean ± SD

32 ± 6 years

31 ± 6 years

Gestational age at booking, mean ± SD

16 ± 8 weeks

16 ± 8 weeks

Gestational age at delivery in weeks, mean ± SD

39 ± 1

40 ± 1

Mother most recent CD4 count, median (IQR)

481 (318 to 627) cells/µl

471 (302 to 702) cells/µl

Mother most recent viral load, median (IQR)

20 (20 to 44) copies/ml

20 (20 to 26) copies/ml

Birthweight, mean ± SD

3218 ± 416 g

3207 ± 383 g

Baby length, mean ± SD

50 ± 5 cm

50 ± 5 cm

Occupation, n (%)

 Unemployed

 Employed

 Student

 Other

87 (63%)

48 (35%)

2 (1%)

1 (1%)

91 (66%)

41 (30%)

4 (3%)

2 (1%)

Highest level of schooling, n (%) completed

 None completed

 Primary school

 High school

 Tertiary

0 (0%)

2 (1%)

131 (95%)

5 (4%)

2 (2%)

3 (2%)

126 (91%)

7 (5%)

Marital status, n (%)

 Single

 Married/living with partner

 Divorced/Widowed

79 (57%)

57 (41%)

2 (2%)

82 (59%)

56 (41%)

0 (0%)

Baby gender Girl, n (%)

69 (50%)

62 (45%)

Number of complete or incomplete pregnancies, n (%)

 1

 2

 3

23 (17%)

113 (82%)

2 (1%)

39 (28%)

97 (70%)

2 (2%)

Mode of delivery, n (%)

 Normal delivery

 Assisted normal delivery

137 (99%)

1 (1%)

136 (99%)

2 (1%)

Time of HIV diagnosis

 Before pregnancy

 During pregnancy

 At delivery

121 (88%)

16 (11%)

1 (1%)

120 (87%)

18 (13%)

0 (0%)

Time cART initiation, n (%)

 Before pregnancy

 During pregnancy

 At delivery

123 (89%)

14 (10%)

1 (1%)

118 (85%)

20 (15%)

0 (0%)

Disclosure of HIV status to significant others, n (%)

 No

 Yes

10 (7%)

128 (93%)

4 (3%)

134 (97%)

Baby on antiretroviral prevention, n (%)

 No

 Yes

 Don’t know

130 (94%)

4 (3%)

4 (3%)

131 (95%)

0 (0%)

7 (5%)