Table 3 Individual- and community-level factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in Mozambique, MDHS 2022–23 (n = 3,548)
Variables | Category | Model I AOR (95% CI) | Model II AOR (95% CI) | Model III AOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | 15–24 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
25–34 years | 0.85(0.68, 1.07) | 0.84(0.67, 1.05) | ||
35–49 years | 0.98(0.72, 1.33) | 0.99(0.73, 1.34) | ||
Maternal educational level | No education | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Primary | 0.92(0.70, 1.21) | 0.98(0.74, 1.31) | ||
Secondary | 0.70(0.49, 1.01) | 0.75(0.52, 1.09) | ||
Higher | 0.96(0.41, 2.23) | 0.99(0.42, 2.33) | ||
Maternal occupation | Not working | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Working | 0.61(0.49,0.77)* | 0.62(0.50,0.78)* | ||
Marital status | Unmarried | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Married | 1.02(0.78, 1.34) | 1.00(0.76, 1.31) | ||
Mass media exposure | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1.12(0.87, 1.44) | 1.11(0.85, 1.44) | ||
Household wealth status | Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Middle | 0.78(0.57, 1.06) | 1.05(0.75, 1.46) | ||
Rich | 0.54(0.37,0.77)* | 0.78(0.51, 1.20) | ||
Pregnancy intention | Unintended | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Intended | 1.73(1.37,2.18)* | 1.68(1.33,2.12)* | ||
Place of delivery | Home | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Health facility | 1.08(0.81, 1.43) | 1.21(0.90, 1.63) | ||
Number of ANC visits | No visit | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
1 to 3 visits | 0.57(0.39,0.85)* | 0.63(0.43,0.93)* | ||
≥ 4 visits | 0.58(0.40,0.85)* | 0.71(0.48, 1.04) | ||
Mode of delivery | Cesarean section | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Vagina | 2.32(1.59,3.38)* | 2.30(1.58,3.36)* | ||
Sex of the child | Male | 1.05(0.86, 1.29) | 1.05(0.86, 1.29) | |
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Type of birth | Single | 1.88(0.91, 3.90) | 1.88(0.92, 3.87) | |
Multiple | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Size of the child at birth | Small | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Average | 1.54(1.15,2.06)* | 1.54(1.15,2.06)* | ||
Large | 1.79(1.27,2.51)* | 1.77(1.26,2.48)* | ||
Place of residence | Urban | 2.54(1.63,3.97)* | 2.99(1.90,4.72)* | |
Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Community level media exposure | Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
High | 1.02 (0.65, 1.59) | 1.07(0.68, 1.70) | ||
Community level education | Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
High | 0.63(0.41, 0.96)* | 0.71(0.46, 1.10) | ||
Community poverty level | Low | 0.29(0.18, 0.48)* | 0.34(0.20,0.58)* | |
High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Community level ANC utilization | Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
High | 0.50(0.34, 0.74)* | 0.52(0.35,0.77)* | ||
Community health facility delivery | Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
High | 0.96 (0.61, 1.50) | 0.90(0.56, 1.43) |