Individual- and community-level factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in Mozambique: evidence from the 2022–2023 Demographic and Health Survey

Table 1 Individual- and community-level characteristics of study subjects, data from MDHS 2022–23 (n = 3,548)

Variables	Category	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Maternal age	15–24 years	1,697	47.83
	25–34 years	1,273	35.88
	35–49 years	578	16.29
Maternal educational level	No education	959	27.03
	Primary	1,685	47.49
	Secondary	851	23.99
	Higher	53	1.49
Maternal occupation	Not working	2,282	64.32
Maternal occupation	Working	1,266	35.68
Marital status	Unmarried	584	16.46
Marital status	Married	2,964	83.54
Mass media exposure	No	1,862	52.48
Mass media exposure	Yes	1,686	47.52
Household wealth status	Poor	1,440	40.59
	Middle	749	21.11
	Rich	1,359	38.30
Pregnancy intention	Unintended	881	24.83
Pregnancy intention	Intended	2,667	75.17
Place of delivery	Home	1,038	29.26
Place of delivery	Health facility	2,510	70.74
Number of ANC visits	No visit	460	12.97
	1 to 3 visits	1,096	30.89
	≥ 4 visits	1,992	56.14
Mode of delivery	Cesarean section	236	6.65
Mode of delivery	Vagina	3,312	93.35
Sex of the child	Male	1,742	49.10
Sex of the child	Female	1,806	50.90
Type of birth	Single	3,493	98.45
Type of birth	Multiple	55	1.55
Size of the child at birth	Small	688	19.39
	Average	2,034	57.33
	Large	826	23.28
Place of residence	Urban	1,083	30.52
Place of residence	Rural	2,465	69.48
Community level media exposure	Low	1,784	50.28
Community level media exposure	High	1,764	49.72
Community level of women education	Low	1,580	44.53
Community level of women education	High	1,968	55.47
Community poverty level	Low	1,911	53.86
Community poverty level	High	1,637	46.14
Community level ANC utilization	Low	1,657	46.70
Community level ANC utilization	High	1,891	53.30
Community level health facility delivery	Low	1,419	39.99
Community level health facility delivery	High	2,129	60.01

ISSN: 1746-4358